\( \newcommand{\nsp}[1]{{\mathcal N}\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\col}[1]{{\mathcal C}\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\row}[1]{{\mathcal R}\left(#1\right)} \newcommand{\transpose}[1]{#1^t} \newcommand{\vect}[1]{{\mathbf #1}} \newcommand{\twopartcol}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1\\\hline#2\end{array}\right]} \newcommand{\twopartrow}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c|c}#1&#2\end{array}\right]} \)